Projectile.



F. M. HALE.

PBI'EGTILE. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 24, 1911.

l Patented Decg 15,

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P. M. HALE.

PBOJBCTILE.

APPLICATION FILED No1/224. 1911.

Patented Dec. 15, 1914.

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F. M.HALE.

PBOJECTILE.

APPLIOATION FILED Nov. 24. 1911.

1,121,091, Patented Dec'. 15,1914.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

\\\ \\\V// Tf T?? P. M. HALE. PBOJEGTILE. APPLIOATION FILED 11011.24, 1911.

1,121,091, Y Patented Dec. 15, 1914.

6 SHEETB-SHEBT 4.

I'. M. HALE.

PBOJEGTILE.

APPLIGATION FILED Nov. 24. 1911.

1,121,091, Patented Dec. 15,1914.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

P. M. HALE.

PROJBCTILE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 24. 1911- Lllsogl., Patented Dec.15,1914.

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FREDERICK MARTEN HALE, OF CATFORD, LONDON, ENvErllutL'lYl'D.v

raornc'rrnn.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 15, 1914i.

Application filed November 24, 1911. Serial No, 662,134.

To all whom, it may concern Beit known` that l, FREDERICK MARTEN HALE, engineer, a. subject of the King of Great Brita-in and Ireland, and a resident of Hillsborough, 28 1Woolstone road, Catford, in the county of London, England, have invented certain new and useful .lmprovements in and lertaining to Projectiles, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to projectiles such as are described in the specification of British Letters Patent granted to me and numbered 15045 of lQOS-fi. e., projectiles of the type in which the body of the projectile is of greater diameter than the bore of the small arm or gun (hereinafter referred to as the gun) with which it is to be used and is provided with a rod adapted to extend into the barrel of the said small arm or gun. ln such a projectile as heretofore usually constructed a spring has been provided which has been intended to fulil two purposes-viz., (l) to prevent the striker from creeping forward during the lightcf the projectile and so coming into contact or proximityA with the Vpercussion device and thus preventing the operation of the percussion device by means of the striker by the impact of the projectile upon the object struck, and (2) to prevent the projectile from being exploded should it accidentally fall from a height of say five to six feet.

To fulfil the second of the above inentioned purposes, the spring has, according to my experience, had 'to be so strong that it has been lia-ble to prevent the projectile from being exploded if the force of impact were comparatively small, as, for example, ifthe projectile simply grazed the object or if it struck water, loose earth, or soft mud. Now this invention has 'for object to obviate this d isadyanta'ge. By means thereof a projectile suchas described may be adapted to be exploded by any minimum force of impact that `is likely to be met with in actual warfare. With such sensitiveness in regard to explosion, it may be expected that the whole .of the explosion will take place immediately on impact, and therefore about and around the point of impact and before the projectile will have had time to make a. cavity or embed itself in the earth, and consequently that the greatest possible effeet of thel whole of the shrapnel action of the projectile will be obtained, notwithstanding the great security provided against .the accidental explosion of the projectile even in the case of careless handling such i as would be likely to occur in warfare.

A projectile has been constructed according to this invention in which the spring was sufliciently strong to prevent the creeping forward of the striker during the Hight so as to fulfil the first of the conditions hercinbefore mentioned but was yet so delicate as to allow explosion to be produced by a drop of two inches., j'

According to this invention the projectile is provided with a device-it may be a weightwhich before the discharge of the projectile is so engaged therewith as to bc liberated or disengaged therefrom by the shock of discharge and before liberation or disengagement isso connected with the striker as to prevent any forward movement of the striker-for example, should the projectile be accidentally dropped from a height such as aforesaid--whilc the device is adapted-it may be by the inertia of its massto be caused to lag in relation to or remain behind thel projectile and so become disengaged from the striker immediately after the projectile has begun to move away from the gun; instead of making the device :'-115 of such a mass as to give it sui'licient inertia to produce the disengagement from the striker I sometimes connect the device to the gun so that 1t will remain connected thereto after the discharge of the projectiletherepin or pins be disengaged by the device or -lf weight it, or they, will oii'er no appreciable resistance to the forward movement of the striker. The pin or pins is or are or may be arranged radially and it or eachof .them has or may have a rounded inner end engaging in an annular groove in the striker" having an inclined rear surface so as to yfacilitate the pushing aside of the pin or p ins by the striker on the impact of the projectile should it or any of them not have'fallen away during the flight of the projectile Any suitable means maybe providedfor -and 8 of a fourth example.

connecting .the device or weight to the projectile soasto hold it in position thereon prior to the discharge of the projectile but to cause it to be liberated or disengaged therefrom by the shock of discharge. For this purpose there may be secured to the "projectile one or more pins adapted to en# gage with the weight and so hold it in position but adapted to be sheared or bent away by the inertia of the weight or the engagement of the device with the small arm.or gun so as to allow it to .lag in relation'to or remain behind the projectile and so become disengaged from the striker. In some cases the weight .or device may afterward fall o and away from the projectile nbut in other cases it may be carried along by the projectile or it may remain secured to the small arm or gun.

Instead of employing `a pin or pins adapted to be sheared or bent as described above, I sometimes connect the device or weight by a clip or catch device or adapt it to engage with the projectile by spring or frictional action, the engagement in any case being such as to be overcomeby the shock of discharge but in normal conditions to hold the device or weight in its operative position on the projectile prior to the discharge thereof. 1

The various features of the invention are set forth in' the claims appended hereto and the invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawings which represent various examples of projectiles provided with striker engaging and liberating or disengaging means according thereto.`

Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 are respectively a longitudinal section, an elevation taken at right angles to Fig. 1, a partial longitudinal'section drawn to a larger scale than Fig. 1, a cross section corresponding to the line IV of Fig. 3, ofv one example of a pro-l I suitable for use with a British short service j ectile provided with means according to this invention. Figs. 5' and 6 are respectively a partial longitudinal section and a partial elevation taken at right angles to each other of another example. Figs. 7 and 8 represent a third example partly in longitudinal section and in cross section corresponding to the line VIII. of Fig. 7. Figs. 9 and 1 0l are views corresponding respectively to Figs. 7 Figs. I1 and 12 are respectively an elevation' and a longi- `udinal section taken at right angles to each other of a fth example.

In each case 1 is the body .of the projectile, 2 the rod adapted to extend into the vbarrel of the gun, 3 the striker, and 4 the spring for preventing. the striker from creeping forward during the flight of the projectile.

In each of the examples represented in Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive 5 is a weight which, before the discharge of the projectile from In each of the examples shown in Figs..

1 to 10 inclusive the. weight 5 is annular and fits ongthe rear portion 6 of the body of the projectile and in that position holds in place radial pins 7 each of which has a yrounded inner end 8 .engaging in an annular groove 9 which is formed in the striker 3 and the rear surface at least of which is inclined so as to facilitate the pushing aside of the pins or pin by the striker onthe impact of the projectile lshould they, or any of them, not have fallen away during the flight of the projectile.

' Various means are shown in the drawings for connecting the weight to'the projectile so as to hold 'it in position prior to the discharge of the projectile but to cause it to be liberated therefrom by the shock -of discharge. In the example `shown in Figs.

' 1 to 4 inclusive for this purpose the weight 5 comprises a catch device, the weight being partially split, asshown at -10 in Fig. 2 so as to form a number of catches 11, each of which has a radially inwardly projecting portion 12 adapted to engage with the forward edge 13 (which i's rounded) of an annular projection 14 of the rear'v portion 6 of the body of the projectile, the lengaszgement being such as to be overcome by the shock of discharge owing to the rounding of the edge 13 but in normal conditions to hold the weight in its operative position on the projectile prior to the discharge thereof. 'Ihe example shown in Figs. 5 and 6 is riie--QJ e., a rifle in which the barrel does not project beyond the stock so as to be adapted to be engaged by the clutch of the projectile. In this case the fingers 15 .of

the clutch of the projectilevextend` radially outward too far to enable them, and consequently thewrod 2, to pass through the weight 5 .and thus allow the weight 5 to fall off and away from the projectile? To prevent the weight 5, after passing rearwardly along the rear portion 6 of the body of the projectile and being stopped by the fingers 15, fr'om creeping forward during the flight Vof the projectile and so again engaging the pins 7, the weight 5 is made of sucha length Y as to enable the radially inwardly projecting portion 12 and the catches 11` to engage behind the annular projecting portion 14 of the rear portion 6 of the body of thev proj ectile.

In the example shown in Figs. 7 and 8v the projectile has secured to it pins 17 adapted to engage with the weight 5 and so hold it in position but to be sheared bythe inertia of the weight on the shock of discharge.

V,In the example shown in Figs. 9 and 10 the pins 17 are adapted to be bent away by the inertia of the weight on the shock of discharge, the body portion G of the projectile being recessed at 18 so as to allow the bending back of the pins.

-In each of the examples shown in Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive 20 is a split pin which is normally in the position shown but is withdrawn when it is intended to fire the projectile.

Experiment has shown that a weight 5 such as shown in the drawings and that will not be allowed by its catch device 12, 13 or pins 17 to become disengaged from the pins 7 when the projectile is dropped through av distance of even twelve feet, will readily become disengaged therefrom when the projectile isfred from a rifle with a service cartrid e such as is: ordinarily used with such a rige.

Figs. l1 and 12 illustrate the construction. according to which the device for engaging the striker and disengaging it on the shock of discharge is connected to the small arm or gun so that it will remain connected thereto after the discharge of the projectile therefrom. In the example shown the device is a ring 21 which engages by means of bayonet slots 22 with pins 23 projecting from a collar 24 which is attached to the barrel 25 of the small arm or lgun by means of a screw26. As in the case of the annular weight 5 shown in Figs. 1 to 4, the ring 21 fits on the rear portion -6 of the projectile` and in that position holds in place radial pins 7 each of which has a rounded inner end 8 engaging in an annular groove 9 `which is formed in the striker 3 and the rear surface at least of which is inclined so as to facilitate the pushing aside of the pins or vpin by thestriker on the impact of the projectileshould they or any of them not have fallen away during the Hight of the projectile.

To holdthedevice""21 normally in* position on thel projectile so as to engage the pins 7 and thereby lock the striker 3, the device 21 is secured to the projectile by a pin 17, which ts in the rear portionY 6 of the body of the projectile and in holes' in the device 21 and is adapted to be lshe'ared by the force with which the projectile is driven from the gun. Instead of being secured in this manner, the device 21 might be-normally secured in position on theprojectile by means such as .are provided for the weight 5 shown in Figs. 1 `to 10 inclusive.

Although in each of the examples represented the weight 5 or the device 21 is'provided either with a spring catch device or with a pin or pins for holdin it inv position on the projectile prior to t e discharge thereof, the weight 5 or the device 21 might l he adapted to engage with the projectile by merely frictional action, as by being fitted with just the exact amount of tightness upon the rear portion 6 of the body ofthe projectile; but as there would be some dithculty in insuring 4the precise amount of friction in this way I prefer to employ more positive means such as I have shown in the drawings. l

What I claim .is

l. A projectile comprising a body portion,

a rod yconnected to said body ortion and adapted to extend into the barre "of a small.v

ency to forward movement ofsaid movable' firing element, and a device arranged externally on a rearwardly projecting portion of said body portion and adapted normally to engage said engaging member and there'- by to maintain it in engagement with said movable firing element so as to prevent forward movement thereof but adapted to be caused by the discharge of the projectile from the small-arm or gun to execute a rearward movement relative to said body portion and thereby to assume a position such as to be out of engagement with said engaging member. j

2. A projectile comprising a body portion, a rod connected to said body portion and adapted toextend into the barrel of a smallarm or gun and less inl diameter than said body portion, a lfixed firing element located within said body portion, a movable firing lement'jadapted to impinge on said xed firing element upon forward movement thereof under the action of inertia4 on impact of the projectile, an engagin member v adapted to engage Said movable ing element, one of the engaging-surfaces of said engagin member and-said movable firing element eing inclined so as to facilitate the disengagement of vsaid engaging. member from said movable firing element by a tendency to forward movement of said movable firing element, a device arranged externally on a rearwardly projecting portion of said body portion and adapted normally to engage said engaging member and thereby to maintain it in engagement with said movfrom the small-arm or gun owing to its in,

. arm or gun and less in diameter than saidv able firing element so as to prevent forward ber, and means adapted to maintain said device normally in engagement with said engaging member but to permit said device to have said relative movement produced by the discharge of the projectile from the small-arm or gun.

3.. A'projectile comprising a body portion, a rod connected to said body portion and adapted to extend into the barrel of a'smallarm or gun and less in diameter than said bodyportion, a fixed firing element located within said body portion, a movable firing element adapted to impinge on said fixed tiring element upon forward movement thereof under'the action of inertia on impact of the projectile, an engaging member adaptedto engage said movable ring element, one of the engaging surfaces of said engagmgmember and said movable firing element beingv inclined so as? to facilitate the disengagement of said engaging member from said movable firing element by a tend-v ency to forward movement of said movable firing element, and a device arranged .externally on a rearwardly projecting portion of said body portion and adapted `normally to engage said engaging member and thereby to maintain it in engagement with said movable firing element so as to'prevent forward movement thereof but adapted to bei caused by the discharge of the projectile ertia to execute a. rearward movement relative to said body portion and thereby to as- ,sume a position such as to be out of engageme'nt with said-engaging member.

4. A projectile comprlsing a body portion, a rod connected to 'said body portion and adapted to extend into the barrel of a smallbody portion, a fixed firing element located within said body prtioma movable firing element vadapted to impinge on 4said iixed -firing element upon forward movement thereof underl the action of inertia on impact of the projectile, an engaging member adapted to engage said movable firing element, one ofV the engaging surfaces of said engaging member and said'movable tiring element being inclined so asv to facilitate the disengagement of ,said engaging member from said movable firing element by. a' tendency to forward movement of said movable 'ring element, a device arranged externally on'a rearwardly projecting portion of said ybody portion-and adapted normally to engage saidengaging member and thereby to maintain it inV engagement with said mov- Manner able ring element so as to prevent forward movement thereof but adaptedto be caused by the discharge. of the projectile from the small-arm or gun owing to its inertia to execute a rearward movement relative to smaidbody portion and thereby to assume a position such as to be out of engagement with said engaging member,v and means adapted to maintain said device normally in engagement with said engaging member but to permit said device to have said relative movement produced by the discharge of the projectile from the small-arm or gun.

5. A projectile comprising a body partion, a rod connected to said body portion and adapted to extend into the barrel of a small-arm or gun and less in diameter than said body portion, a fixed tiring element ocated within said body portion, a movable ltiring element adapted to impinge on said ing element being inclined so as to facilitate the disengagement of said engaging member from said movable firing element by a tendency to forward movement of said movable firing element, anda device arranged externally on a rearwardly projecting portion of said'body portion and adapted normally to engage said engaging member and thereby 4to maintain 1t 1n engagement with said movable firing element so as to prevent forward movement thereof but adapted to beoaused bythe discharge of the projectile from the i small-arm .or 'gun to execute a rearward movement relative to said body portion and thereby to assume a position such as to "be out of engagement with said engaging member. l

: 6. A projectile comprising a body portion, a rod connected to said body portion and adapted to extend into'the barrel of a smallarm or .gun and less in diameter than said body portion, a fixed ring element located within said body portion, a movablek firing elementy adapted to impinge on said 'fixed ring element upon forward movement thereof under the action of inertia on impact of the-projectile, an engagin member adapted to engage said Amovable rin element, one of the engaging surfaces o said engaging member and said movable firing .element being inclined so as to facilitate the disengagement of saidengaging member -maintain it normally in engagement with said movable firing element so asto prevent forward movement thereof but adapted to be caused by the discharge of the projectile from the small-armor gun to execute a rearward movement relative to said body portion and thereby to assume a position such as tobe `out of engagement with said engaging member,- said device being in the form of a ring arranged externally on, and adapted to engage resiliently with, a rearwardly projecting portion of said body portion so as normally to engage said engaging member, but to be capable of having said relative rearward movement produced in it by the discharge of the projectile from the small-arm or gun.

7. A projectile comprising a body portion, a rod connected to said body portion and adapted to extend into the barrel of a small-arm or gun and less in diameter than said body portion, a fixed firing element located within said body portion, a movable A firing element adapted to impinge on said fixed firingelement upon forward movement thereof under the action of inertia on impact of the projectile, an engaging member adapted to engage said movable firing element, one of the engaging surfaces of said engaging member and said movable iiring element being inclined so as to facilitate the disengagement of said engaging member from said movable firing element by a tendency to forward movement of said movable firing element, and a device adapted to engage said engaging member and thereby to maintain it normally in engagement with said movable firing element so as- `to prevent forward movement thereof but adapted to be caused by the discharge of the projectile from the small-arm or gun owing to its inertia to execute a rearward movement relative to said body portion and thereby to assume a position such as .to be out of engagement with said engaging member, said-device being in the form of a ringA arranged externally on, and adapted to engage resiliently with, a rearwardly projecting portion of said body portion so as normally to engage said engaging member, but

to be capable of having said relative rearward movement produced init by the discharge of the projectile from the small-arm` or gun.A

8. A projectile comprising a body portion, a rod connected to said body-portion and adapted to extend into the barrel of a small-arm or gun and less in diameter than said body portion, a fixed firing element located within said body portion, a movable firing element adapted to impinge on said fixedA firing element upon forward movementi-thereof under the action of inertia on impact of the projectile, and a device adapted to prevent forward movement of said movable firing element before the discharge of the projectile from said small-arm or gun, said device comprising a ring arranged externally on, and adapted to engage resiliently with, -a rearwardly projecting portion of said body portion so as normally to be retained in a position to preventsaid forward movement but adapted to be caused by the discharge of the projectile from the small-arm or gun to execute a rearward movement relative to said body portion and thereby to assume a position in which it will not prevent said forward movement.

9. A- projectile comprising a body portion, a rod connected to said body portion and adapted to extend into the barrel of a small-arm or gun and less in diameter vthan said body portion, a fixed firing element lo cated within said body portion, a movable firing element adapted to impinge on said fixed firing element upon forward movement thereof under the action of inertia onl impact of the projectile, and a device adapted to prevent forward movement of said movable firing element before the discharge of the projectile from said smallarm or gun, said device comprising a ring arranged externally on, and adapted to engage resiliently with, a rearwardly projecting portion of said body portion so as normally to be retained in a position to prevent said forward movement but adapted by its inertia to be caused by the discharge of the projectile from the smallarm or gun to execute a rearward movement relative to said body portion and thereby to assume a position in which it will not prevent said forward movement.

1()a A projectile comprising a body portion, a rod connected to said body portion and adapted to extend into the barrel of a small-arm or gun and less in diameter than said body portion, a fixed firing element located within said bodv portion, a movable.

firing element adapte fixed firing element upon to impinge on said `gage resiliently with, a rearwardly pro-v jecting portion of said body portion so as normally to be retainedin a position to prevent said forward movement but adapted to be caused by the discharge of the projectile from the small-arm or gun to execute a rearward movement relative to said bodyportion and thereby to assume a forward --rnovej position in which it will not prevent said' v forward movement, and said device comprising also a member adapted priorto said discharge to engage said ring and said movfiring element adapted to impinge on said u ofsaid rin said body portion, a fixed firing element lo/ cated within said body portion, a movable fixed firing element upon forward movement thereof under the action of inertia on impact of theA projectile, and a device adapted to prevent forward movement of said movable firing element before'the discharge of the projectile from said small-arm or gun, said device comprising a ring ar# ranged externally on, and adapted to engage '.resiliently with, a rearwardly projecting portion of said body portion so as normally to be retained in a position to prevent said forward movement but adapted by its inertia to be caused by the discharge ofthe projectile from the small-arm or gun to e'xecute av rearward movement relative to said body portion and thereby to assume a position in which it will not prevent said for# ward movement, and said device comprising also a member adapted prior to said discharge to engage said ring and said movable vfiring element so as to hold back said movable firing element in its initial position but after-said relative rearward movement to allow forward movement of said movab e iringelement.

12. A projectile comprising a body portion,a rod connected to said body portion and adapted to extend into the barrel of a i small-arm or gunand less in diameter than said body portion, a fixed firing element lo,-

cated-within said body portion, a movable firing element adaptedto impinge on said fixed firing .element upon forward movement 'I- thereof under the action of inertia on impact of the projectile, and a device adapted to prevent forward movement of said .movable firing. element 'before the discharge of the projectile from said small-arm or gun,l said device comprisin a ring arranged .ex-f

ternally on. a rearwar y projecting portion of said body portion and adapted normally to be retained -in a position to prevent said j forward movement but adapted to. be caused by the discharge of the projectile from the small-arm or to execute(v a rearward movement relative to said body portion and thereby to assume a position in which it will not prevent said -orward movement. 13. A projectile comprising a body portion, a rod connected to said body-portion and adapted extend into the barrel of a small-arm or and lessin diameter than Said body portion, a fixed firing element; io"

catedwithin said body portion, va movable I firing elementv adapted to impinge on said.

fixed firing element upon forward movement thereof under the action of inertia on impact of the projectile, and a device adapted. to

device comprising a member arranged exter-` nally on a rearwardly projecting portion of said body portion -and adapted normally to.l beretained in a position to prevent said forward movement but adapted to be caused by the discharge of ,the projectile from the small-arm or gun to 4execute a rearward thereby to assume a position in which it will not prevent said forward movement.

14H/ 5i projectile comprising a b odyportion, a rod connected to said body portion and adapted to extend into the barrel'of a small-arm or gun'and less in diameter thanV A said body portion, a ixed firing element located within said body portion, a movablel firing element adapted ,-to impinge on said fixed firing element upon forward movement thereof under the action of inertia on impact of the projectile, and a device adapted..to prevent forward movement of said movable firing element before the discharge of the projectile from said small-arm or gyn, said device .comprising a member arranged externally on a rearwardly projectin g portion of said body portion and adapted normally to be retained in a position to prevent said forward movement but 'adapted by its inertia tobe caused by the discharge of the projectile from the small-arm or gun to execute a rearward movement relative to said body portion and thereby to assume a position inv which it` will not prevent said forward movement. p A15. Aa projectile comprising a body portion, arod connected to said body 'portionl and' adapted to extend into thebarrel of a small-arm or gun and less in diameter than zsaid body portion, a fixed firing element ,located within said body portion, a mova able. firing element adapted to impinge on said fixed firing element upon forward movement thereof under the action of inertia on impact` ofI the projectlle; and a device adapted .to preventforward movei meit of vsaid movable firingd element before Ithe discharge of the projectilefrom .said small-arm or gun, said device com- -pri'sing .a member arranged'externally on 'a; f rearwardly projecting -portion of said' body portion and adapted normally to be retained in a position to prevent said forward movement but adapted to caused byi` the="discharge of the projectile .from the small-arm or gun to execute a rearward movement relative to said bodyv portion and thereby to. assume a position -in'whclr it so. movement relative to-.said body portion and l will not prevent said forward movement,

and said device comprising also a member adapted prior to said discharge to engage they first mentioned member and said movable firing element so. as to hold back said movable firing element in its initial position but after said relative rearward movement ofthe first mentioned member to allow forward movement of said movable liring element.

16. A projectile comprising a body portion, a rod connected to saidbody portion and adapted to extend into the barrel of a small-arm or gun and less in diameter than said body portion, a fixed firing element located within said body portion, a movable firing, element adapted to impinge on said fixed firing element upon forward movement thereof under the action of inertia on impact of the projectile, and a device adapted to .prevent forward movement of said movable ring element before the discharge of the projectile from said small-arm or gun, said device comprising a member Aarranged externally on a rearwardly projecting portion of said bodyy portion and adapted normally` to be retained in a position to prevent said forward movement but adapted by its inertia to be caused by the discharge of the projectile from the small-arm or gun to execute a rearward movement relative to said,body portion and thereby to lassume a position in which it will not prevent a member adapted prior to said discharge to engage the first mentioned member and said forward movement,` and sal'dvdevice comprlsing'also i Ward movement of the first mentioned member to allow forward movement of said movable firing element.

17. A projectile comprising a body portion, a rod connected to said body portion and adapted 4to extend into the barrel of a small-arm or gun and less in diameter than said body portion, a xed firing element located within said body portion, a movable firing element adapted to impinge on z said fixed firing element upon forward movement thereof under the action of member and thereby to maintain it in en.

gagement with said movable firing element so as to prevent forward movementV thereof but adapted to be caused by the discharge of the projectile from the small-arm or gun to execute a rearward movement relative to said body portion and thereby to assume a position such as tovbe out of engagement with said engaging member.

Signed at London this 13th day vember 1911.

FREDERICK Witnesses:

WILLIAM OswALD BROWN, FREDERICK LEONARD I-IUTCHINes.`

MARTEN. HALE. 

